Regulatory Process Updated January 14, 2026

What is a Drug Master File?

A Drug Master File is a confidential FDA submission containing detailed manufacturing information. Learn about DMF types and how they support drug applications.

Definition

Drug Master File (DMF) is a confidential submission to FDA containing detailed information about facilities, processes, or articles used in drug manufacturing. DMFs allow manufacturers to protect proprietary information while supporting drug applications.

How Drug Master Files Work

DMF holders submit detailed manufacturing information to FDA but keep it confidential. Drug applicants reference the DMF through a Letter of Authorization, allowing FDA to review the information.

DMF Types

TypeContent
Type IManufacturing site, facilities, personnel (rarely used)
Type IIDrug substance (API), drug intermediate, material
Type IIIPackaging material
Type IVExcipient, colorant, flavor, essence
Type VFDA-accepted reference information

DMF Review Process

  1. Holder Submits: DMF filed with FDA
  2. Authorization: Holder issues LOA to applicant
  3. Reference: Applicant cites DMF in NDA/ANDA
  4. FDA Review: Agency reviews DMF during application review
  5. Deficiencies: Any issues communicated to both parties

Why BD Teams Track Drug Master Files

For business development professionals, DMFs affect supply chain strategy:

  • Deal Implication: Active DMFs enable multiple product opportunities
  • Due Diligence Focus: Verify DMF status and review history with FDA
  • Opportunity Signal: Companies with established DMFs offer faster development paths

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Drug Master File?

A DMF is a submission to FDA containing detailed information about facilities, processes, or articles used in manufacturing that the holder wishes to keep confidential.

What are the types of DMFs?

There are five types: Type I (manufacturing site), Type II (drug substance/API), Type III (packaging), Type IV (excipient), and Type V (FDA-accepted reference).

Why use a DMF instead of including information in the application?

DMFs protect trade secrets and proprietary manufacturing details while still allowing FDA to review the information for drug approval.

How does a drug applicant access DMF information?

The DMF holder must provide a Letter of Authorization (LOA) allowing FDA to reference the DMF for a specific application.

Does FDA approve DMFs?

No, FDA does not approve DMFs independently. They are reviewed only in connection with a specific drug application that references them.

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