Exclusivity & Patents Updated January 14, 2026

What is Paragraph IV Certification?

Paragraph IV certification is a generic company's challenge that brand patents are invalid or not infringed. Learn about the process and 180-day exclusivity.

Definition

Paragraph IV Certification is a statement in an ANDA that Orange Book-listed patents are either invalid, unenforceable, or will not be infringed by the generic product. It’s the mechanism for generic companies to seek approval before patent expiry.

How Paragraph IV Works

Generic companies file ANDAs with Paragraph IV certifications and notify brand patent holders. This often triggers patent litigation with a 30-month stay on FDA approval.

ANDA Patent Certifications

ParagraphMeaningEffect
INo patents listedImmediate approval possible
IIPatents expiredImmediate approval possible
IIIWill not market until expiryApproval after patent expires
IVInvalid or not infringedApproval possible immediately

Paragraph IV Timeline

EventTiming
ANDA Filed with Para IVDay 0
Notice to Patent HolderWithin 20 days of ANDA filing
Lawsuit Period45 days for brand to sue
30-Month Stay (if sued)Blocks approval unless resolved
Court DecisionDetermines approval timing

Why BD Teams Track Paragraph IV

For business development professionals, Paragraph IV signals competitive threats:

  • Deal Implication: Paragraph IV filings indicate imminent generic competition; affects asset valuation
  • Due Diligence Focus: Track Paragraph IV filings against portfolio products
  • Opportunity Signal: Authorized generic or settlement partnerships often emerge from Paragraph IV situations

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Paragraph IV certification?

Paragraph IV is a certification in an ANDA that listed patents are invalid or will not be infringed by the generic product, enabling FDA approval before patent expiry.

What are the four ANDA patent certifications?

I: No patents listed; II: Patents expired; III: Will wait for patent expiry; IV: Patents invalid or not infringed (challenge).

What happens after Paragraph IV filing?

Brand company is notified and has 45 days to sue. If sued, FDA cannot approve the ANDA for 30 months unless the case is resolved sooner.

What is the 30-month stay?

When brand sues within 45 days of Paragraph IV notice, FDA cannot approve the ANDA for 30 months or until court resolution, whichever is sooner.

Why file Paragraph IV?

First filer with successful Paragraph IV can earn 180-day exclusivity as the only generic, worth potentially hundreds of millions.

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